This is a slight reduction from 18.9% of GDP in 2023. IPAG attributes the decrease to an improved economic outlook in 2024, with an estimated 3% growth rate and inflation at 4.5%.

Higher minimum wages and an influx of EU funds from the National Reconstruction Plan (KPO) are expected to increase demand for small businesses and encourage a shift towards legal operations.

The growth of cashless transactions also plays a role in reducing the shadow economy and enhancing economic efficiency.