Hungary currently ranks among the top European countries for the number of amputations performed annually. But steps can be taken to improve those figures, a specialist tells the Budapest Business Journal.
The prevalence of arterial, venous, and vascular diseases is alarmingly high in Hungarian society, warns Dr. Rita Tersztyánszky, an internist and angiologist at private healthcare provider Affidea Hungary. Despite the high mortality rate and the number of amputations, these conditions can often be prevented through proper lifestyle choices, regular screenings, appropriate treatment, and continuous monitoring, she says.
One of the most visible symptoms is varicose veins, which affect four in 10 people in Hungary. While society may dismiss it as a cosmetic issue, it can lead to serious complications and even death if untreated.
Varicose veins predominantly affect women and are influenced by several risk factors, including genetic predisposition and a sedentary lifestyle. Long hours of sitting, coupled with insufficient physical activity, impair venous circulation and increase pressure on blood vessel walls.
This excessive strain can damage the valves within the veins, which act as natural regulators. When these valves fail, blood stagnates, leading to increased pressure, swelling, and, in severe cases, the development of deep vein thrombosis, a condition that can be life-threatening if a blood clot travels to the lungs.
“The heightened risk of thrombosis in women is closely linked to hormonal functions,” explains Tersztyánszky. “Certain female sex hormones and their fluctuations due to menopause or pregnancy can alter blood composition in a way that increases clot formation. During pregnancy, the added pressure on lower limb veins also contributes to the condition,” she notes.
Another threat is atherosclerosis, which affects the arteries, reducing blood supply to the limbs. While it may not initially cause noticeable symptoms, it can be detected early through specialized medical examinations.
It is more common among men and is heavily influenced by lifestyle choices. Key risk factors include smoking, diabetes, high cholesterol, untreated hypertension, obesity, lack of physical activity, depression, sleep disorders, and excessive alcohol consumption.
The disease develops gradually, often without noticeable symptoms, meaning that the condition may already be in an advanced stage by the time warning signs appear. Atherosclerosis can affect multiple organs simultaneously, leading to life-threatening complications such as heart attacks, strokes, or kidney disease.
A recent international study covering 12 countries found that Hungary has an amputation rate two to three times higher than the Western European average. According to the HunVascData research group, the concerning domestic statistics stem from complex demographic, epidemiological, economic, and broader societal factors.
However, experts agree that lifestyle modifications can significantly reduce the risk of vascular diseases. By adopting a healthier lifestyle, avoiding key risk factors, and undergoing regular medical screenings, individuals can prevent the onset of vascular disease. Early detection and timely intervention can also reduce the likelihood of severe complications, including limb loss.
For individuals with venous disease, avoiding prolonged standing with heavy loads or engaging in activities that exert excessive pressure on the veins, such as weightlifting, is crucial. Standing for long periods in warm environments should also be minimized, as it exacerbates congestion in the veins.
Professions such as chefs and kitchen staff, often working in high-temperature settings while standing for extended periods, are particularly at risk. In such cases, periodic breaks to take a walk or perform stretching exercises can improve circulation. Those with desk jobs should consider elevating their legs regularly to alleviate venous congestion. Compression stockings prescribed by a doctor can also help, but tight clothing restricting circulation should be avoided.
In the case of atherosclerosis, daily walks can promote circulation and slow disease progression. Maintaining a heart-healthy diet is another crucial step in preserving vascular health.
“Consuming fiber-rich foods supports digestion and helps reduce the buildup of waste materials in the blood vessels. Reducing salt intake is also important, as excess sodium causes the body to retain water, increasing blood pressure and contributing to vein damage,” advises Tersztyánszky.
This article was first published in the Budapest Business Journal print issue of March 7, 2025.
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