Violators' cooperation and other mitigating factors resulted in an overall HUF 827 mln reduction in the fines, GVH said. On top of the fines, violators agreed to offer consumers about HUF 250 mln in compensation, it added.

GVH noted that it had taken "decisive action" against tech giants in 2023, closing a probe of social media platform TikTok that would have a global impact, as well as scrutinizing Microsoft and the activities of Rakuten group member Viber.

GVH wound up 89 procedures last year, about the same number as in 2022.