Romania signed similar agreements with the US and France last year. Cernavoda is the first and only nuclear power generating facility in Romania, operating since 1996. The facility, with two 706 MW (megawatts) operating units, currently fulfills 18% of Romania's electricity demand. The facility is owned and operated by the state-owned Societatea Nationala Nuclearelectrica (SNN).

The Cernavoda NPP uses Canadian Deuterium Uranium 6 (CANDU-6) pressurized heavy-water reactor technology. Romania has long wanted to complete two additional CANDU units at Cernavoda and is also making plans to refurbish the two operational units there for longer service lives. In October 2020, Romania signed an intergovernmental agreement with the United States for the construction of units 3 and 4 and the refurbishment of unit 1.

American company AECOM will coordinate the USD 8 billion project, which includes a consortium of companies from the US, Romania, Canada and France.