Hungary placed ahead of Slovakia, in 23rd, and Poland, in 24th, but was behind Czechia, in 14th place, the ministry said.

The EIS provides comparative assessments of the research and innovation performance of EU member states and of the relative strengths and weaknesses of their research and innovation systems.

The EIS report, issued earlier in September, identified the number of foreign doctorate students, government support for business research and development, exports of medium and high-tech goods, public-private co-publication, and job-to-job mobility of human resources in science and technology as relative strengths in Hungary.

It pointed to relative weaknesses in design applications, business process innovators, employment in innovative enterprises, public sector research and development spending, and the number of doctorate graduates.