The level of resource productivity varied greatly between member states: from EUR 0.4/kg in Bulgaria and Romania to EUR 5.3/kg in the Netherlands in 2019.
After accounting for price differences, the Netherlands remains the EU Member States with the highest resource productivity (4.5 purchasing power standards (PPS) per kg), followed by Italy (3.7), Luxembourg (3.5), and Belgium (3.4).
At the opposite end of the spectrum, four EU members registered resource productivity below 1.00 – Bulgaria and Romania (both 0.8 PPS/kg) and Estonia (0.9). Resource productivity expressed in PPS/kg stood at 1.3 in Hungary.
The differences in resource productivity can be explained by a country's natural resources, the diversity of its industrial activities, the role played by its services sector and its construction activities, the scale, and patterns of its consumption, and its various energy sources, Eurostat notes.
Resource productivity quantifies the relationship between the size of the economy and the use of natural resources. The value of resource productivity increases when the economy, measured by GDP, grows at a faster rate than the consumption of raw materials, measured by domestic material consumption (DMC).
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