The measures “have the explicit object of restricting exports of construction materials and, as such, constitute measures having equivalent effect to quantitative restrictions, prohibited, in principle, by the principle of the free movement of goods”, the CJEU said.

The court dismissed Hungary’s argument that the scarcity of the construction materials constituted a “genuine and sufficiently serious threat” affecting society.

The court said Hungary had also infringed the exclusive competence of the EU in the area of common commercial policy by adopting measures on restricting exports to non-EU countries.